Method of abnormal fetus

The screening and diagnostic tests are important to confirm whether or not the abnormality in the fetus, making peace, or vice versa, forcing the couple you have to choose whether to maintain the continued pregnancy. So, understanding the methods help detect abnormal pregnancy, some risks may occur in each method will help parents elected to calm and more active when faced with the important tests indicated in pregnancy.

1. Super Sonic

Ultrasound is a popular and effective method for early detection of defects in the fetus (illustration)

In addition to checking the number, location, status and the development of the fetus, ultrasound is also used to detect physical defects, Down syndrome, spina bifida, etc.. In particular, regular ultrasound paperback made in stage 11-14 weeks of age to initial screening see the fetus has met unusual about chromosomes or with Down syndrome or not.

Every fetus has developed a translation layer between the skin and the soft tissues beneath the spine. The baby has a chromosome defects congenital heart and usually have more water than usual in this class. If an ultrasound shows the extraordinary dimensions of the space containing the room near the back of the neck of the fetus, as shown by the image on the ultrasound screen opaque; based on the size and shape of shadows will be able to point out was the chromosome abnormalities such as Down syndrome or congenital heart.  Meanwhile, pregnant women will have to perform diagnostic tests to know more accurate results.

To identify the fetus develops slowly or malnutrition, could you be the doctor for performing an ultrasound. This uses ultrasonic sound waves, different kind of ultrasound often and will detect the speed of movement of the blood cells in the bloodstream of the fetus, which help diagnose the condition or not the fetus is smaller than gestational age, or fast development as usual.

4 dimensional supersonic abuse to save the image the fetus may cause exposure long elected mother with radiation to harm you (illustration).

In addition, multi-dimensional ultrasound as the 4 dimensional ultrasound-fetal morphology also has the purpose to check, detect fetal deformities soon. Typically, 4-dimension ultrasound-fetal form is specified in the about the fetus is 12-14 weeks of age, 22-24 weeks of age and 30-32 weeks of age. In 12-14 weeks, the Ultrasound will determine the fetal organs have enough, have installed in the correct location, and the other defects such as skull, brain hernia countless pregnancy-umbilical hernia, meninges, slits the abdomen, legs, arms crooked, etc.. Ultrasound in pregnancy week 22-24 will determine-eliminate the deformities such as deformities of the head-face-neural tube: cleft lips, cleft palates, hydrocephalus, not split forebrain, meninges, spinal hernia...; malformations of the heart-lung-chest: Ventricular septal, original Island arteries, aortic root dilation, waist narrow aorta, heart, pericardium effusion, lung, lung disease cystic gland, lungs, chest wall, narrow etc.; and pathology of the organs of the abdomen such as diaphragmatic hernia, esophageal, duodenal obstruction atrophy, bowel obstruction, polycystic kidney malformations, kidney, bladder to number etc.; pathology of limbs such as crooked legs, hands 6 thumbs, minimum radius, dwarf extremities products, etc. 30-32 week ultrasound will help detect the deformities appear later as the secondary diaphragm hernia, secondary hydrocephalus, relax after the second hole, etc.

Despite this, only defects detection rates range from 80-90%, and ultrasound so much as 4 dimensional ultrasound fetal images to save on VCD may cause parents to lie during the ultrasound, meaning radiation can be harmful to both mother and baby.

2. Blood tests

The measurement of the concentration of some chemicals in the blood can help determine the risk of malformations such as endless pregnancy pregnancy, Down syndrome, bifida, abnormal chromosomes and some genetic disorders. There are 2 common screening tests is the Double Test is done in the 1st quarter and Triple Test is made in Q2 of pregnancy.

Blood tests also help detect many deformities in the fetus (illustration)

Double test is done by measuring the amount of β-hCG and PAPP-A in the blood of pregnant women, then combining calculations with weight, mother's height, gestational age, opacity and early length nape butt skin measured by ultrasound, ... to assess the risk of Down syndrome, Edwards or Patau of pregnancy from 11 weeks to 13 weeks old. Biochemical substances mentioned above due to the fetus produce, appears in the mother's blood. If the pregnancy had the skewed obliterate travelers chromosomes, the concentration of this substance will change in the blood mother and weighing them along with the ultrasound results, ... can help assess the risk of birth defects of the fetus.

However, this test does not have the ability to detect all chromosomal defects. It only warns pregnant increased risk for some of the above defects. If the Double Test indicates the risk of birth defects is high, the need to conduct diagnostic tests. If the pregnancy at risk of malformations at the border, should try next Triple test in Q2 of pregnancy to assess more clearly.

Made from the 14th week of pregnancy, 22-Triple test used to measure the mother's blood levels of three substances in serum include AFP, hCG and Estriol. If AFP levels increase pregnancy hints at risk of neural tube defects such as split spine and skull. AFP concentrations reduced if combined with hCG and estriol concentrations decrease the pregnancy have an increased risk of Down syndrome, Edwards or chromosome abnormalities. Even so, to estimate exactly the level of risk to combine three substance test results on with many other factors such as the age of mother, race, weight, height, a history of the mother such as diabetes, smoking, pregnancy status as single pregnancy or a pregnancy song, gestational age at the time of the test , and obstetric history.

3. Pierce the amniotic detector

Pierce the amniotic detectors are usually specified in pregnant women over 35 years to estimate the risk of pregnancy is Down, or with the test case positive serum screening, ultrasound detected increased ground clearance, heads down, parents have a history of abnormal pregnancy laying etc., made in the 16 to 18 weeks of pregnancy. The doctor will inject anesthetics on the abdomen of pregnant women and then insert the needle into the amniotic sac under the guidance of ultrasound. About 14 g of water fluid is removed for analysis.

One of the most common diagnostic tests to detect abnormalities in the fetus is the irritating amniotic detector (illustration)

Pierce the amniotic detectors can result in the risk of diagnosis in pregnancy as the fetus is Down, red, Gravis disease, cystic fibrosis, Tay-Sachs and cystic are thought of the same disease. Pierce the amniotic detectors also allow doctors to measure the level of alpha-fetoprotein amniotic water in order to consider whether the fetus has brain problems or spinal defects or not. Results from irritating tune Oh, in this case more credible than blood tests in the mother.

Although the precision in the fairly high, about iconic amniotic detector 99.4%, but this is an invasive test can affect the mother and the fetus. According to statistics, the risk of miscarriage from this method is about 1/200 and about 1% of babies will suffer difficulty breathing after amniocentesis. In addition, some pregnant women also feel soreness in 1-2 hours after doing this procedure, about 1-2% of the sisters in blood or water leaking fluid in the vagina ...

4. Samples of various membrane (CVS)

Spikes, like the finger grows out from the banks of the Chorion, the same with the fetus in terms of genes. It grows soon before the amniotic water, so tests a sample of each other will give more information about the baby before messing with amniotic water detector. CVS can be used to diagnose a fetus suffering from Down syndrome, there are irregularities in blood pigment, hemoglobin and sickle disease, anemia, diseases caused by abnormal sea genes such as cystic fibrosis, your favorite disease bleeding, convulsions and muscle atrophy of Huntington etc.

Sampling different membrane having the advantage is time for results earlier than messing with detectors strung thang reducing Oh, psychology for both spouses. If the pregnancy is confirmed is extraordinary then intervened to suspend the pregnancy are also more simple due to gestational age are small. In addition, CVS also allows doctors to early treatment for the fetus before birth, for example pregnant women can use corticosteroids to prevent the development of masculine characteristics in the fetuses of females due to genetic disorders do adrenal glands extend lead to excessive production of male hormones.

Some parents voted will feel discomfort or pain in the upper abdomen after performing CVS (illustration)

CVS was conducted under the help of ultrasound, usually between 10 – 12 weeks of pregnancy before the amniotic sac filled with water and can use 2 way: through the womb or through the abdominal wall. Some pregnant women make CVS through the uterus can find offensive, while sampling different membrane through the abdominal wall to do few parents elected to the upper abdominal pain 1-2 hours later. The top risk of membrane samples together is miscarriage, at the rate of 1/500.

5. Trim the stalks detector navel (umbilical vein sampling)

Under the guidance of ultrasound, 1 first needle is inserted through the abdominal wall and uterus into blood vessels in the umbilical cord, approximately 1 cm from the leaves. A small amount of blood is taken out to testers and for diagnostic results in cases of doubt the fetus suffering from anemia, measlesinfection, toxoplasma, herpes or developmental delay. The risk of going on to the fetus when taken this approach quite high, from 1-2%.=