If someone you know experiences an epileptic seizure, it can make a huge difference if you know how to help them. Epilepsy is actually a range of disorders affecting the electrical activity of the brain. There are many different types of epilepsy. Most are characterized by unpredictable seizures. But not all seizures will produce the dramatic convulsions most people associate with the disease.
In fact, the classic seizure, in which a patient loses muscle control, twitches, or falls unconscious, is just one type of seizure. This sort of seizure is called a generalized tonic-clonic seizure. But it represents just one of many forms of epilepsy. Doctors have identified more than 30 different types of seizures.
Some seizures may be less obvious, affecting sensations, emotions, and behavior. Not all seizures involve convulsions, spasms, or loss of consciousness. One form, called absence epilepsy, is usually characterized by brief lapses in consciousness. Sometimes, an outward physical sign such as rapid eye blinking may be the only indication that this type of seizure is occurring.
By definition, a single seizure event does not constitute epilepsy. Rather, a person must experience two or more unprovoked seizures, 24 hours or more apart, to be diagnosed with epilepsy. 'Unprovoked' means the seizure is not due to a drug, toxin, or head trauma.
Most people with epilepsy will probably be aware of their condition. They may be taking medications to control their symptoms, or undergoing diet therapy. Some epilepsy is also treated with surgery or medical devices.
If someone close to you suddenly has a convulsive seizure, there are certain things you can do to help them avoid any additional damage. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke recommends the following sequence of actions:
Not all seizures warrant immediate medical attention. Sometimes you may need to call 911, though. Call for emergency help under the following circumstances:
As well, always check for a medical identification card, a medic alert bracelet, or other jewelry that identifies the person as someone who has epilepsy.